What do coral snakes eat?
Coral snakes eat lizards, frogs, birds, rodents, and smaller snakes. The coral snake is a member of the Elapid family, meaning it’s a cobra! Despite this scary name, this snake mostly spends its time hiding from humans and minding its business. Part of that business, however, is eating! There are multiple subspecies of coral snakes in the United States, but they all have similar diets. Even the Texas coral snake, a subspecies native to the desert regions of the United States, eats similar foods to its other subspecies. In the Americas alone, there are 65 species of coral snake, all with their colorations, habits, and habitats. In the Old World (Europe and Asia), there are 16 species of coral snake. The original species (basal) is from Asia, but it has since spread to the rest of the world. Still, whether in the jungles of South America or the deserts of the American southwest, coral snakes generally eat the same types of food.
The types of food that coral snakes eat
Coral snakes generally keep to a few categories of food, despite the various habitats that they can live in. The most common types of foods that coral snakes eat are lizards, frogs, and smaller snakes since those are the animals they are most likely to encounter. The vast majority of coral snakes are fossorial, meaning they spend their time under dense brush and in the undergrowth. A smaller portion of coral snakes are aquatic but still hunt frogs and lizards quite frequently. Although less common, coral snakes will eat small rodents and nesting birds that they happen to encounter. Essentially, these snakes aren’t particularly picky when it comes to their diet and eat things that are smaller than them and happen to wander too close. Like many other snakes, coral snakes are cannibalistic and don’t mind eating one of their own. Additionally, coral snakes will eat venomous and nonvenomous snakes alike, provided they can kill them without being killed themselves.
A complete list of foods coral snakes eat:
Here is a complete list of foods a coral snake will eat:
small lizardssmall snakesskinksfrogssmall micenesting birdsother coral snakesinsects
A coral snake can go for weeks or months without eating if it needs to!
How do coral snakes hunt?
Part of what makes coral snakes unique is their hunting methods. The first step for a hungry coral snake is finding food! Unlike pit vipers like the copperhead or rattlesnake, coral snakes don’t have the ability to heat-sense their way to prey. Thankfully, the prey that coral snakes prefer often lives nearby. Using their tongues to smell, coral snakes can track desired prey and get relatively close. Once they are close enough to strike, the next step is to bite. Coral snakes are extremely venomous, although they aren’t great at delivering that venom to their prey. The main reason coral snakes can’t deliver a lot of venom is the design of their mouth; it’s extremely small! The size of their mouth not only limits how hard they can bite but the types of prey they can eat. Also, coral snakes have fixed fangs, unlike the retractable fangs that other snakes most often have. As a result, their fangs aren’t directly connected to a venom gland and need a bit of time to get working. Coral snakes bite their prey instead and “chew” the venom into it. Once they bite, the venom travels down a small groove on the fang and into their victim. For this reason, many coral snake bites on humans are “dry” and have little to no venom. Once the venom is in full effect, however, it’s extremely powerful and acts as a neurotoxic agent.
What animals hunt the coral snake?
Although coral snakes are dangerous prey due to their venom, some animals consider them prey! The most common predators of coral snakes are the usual predators of any snake. These predators include birds of prey (owls, hawks, and falcons), coyotes, cats (domestic and wild), and other snakes. The most likely predator of a coral snake, however, is usually another coral snake. Since these reptiles are cannibalistic, they don’t mind eating their relatives!
